Serum Biomarkers to Mild Cognitive Deficits in Children and Adolescents.

Intellectual disability (ID) is a condition characterized by significant limitations in both cognitive development and adaptive behavior. The diagnosis is made through clinical assessment, standardized tests, and intelligence quotient (IQ). Genetic, inflammation, oxidative stress, and diet have been suggested to contribute to ID, and biomarkers could potentially aid in diagnosis and treatment. Study included children and adolescents aged 6-16 years. The ID group (n = 16) and the control group (n = 18) underwent the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) test, and blood samples were collected. Correlations between biomarker levels and WISC-IV test scores were analyzed. The ID group had an IQ score below 75, and the values of four domains (IQ, IOP, IMO, and IVP) were lower compared to the control group. Serum levels of FKN, NGF-ß, and vitamin B12 were decreased in the ID group, while DCFH and nitrite levels were increased. Positive correlations were found between FKN and the QIT and IOP domains, NGF and the QIT and IMO domains, and vitamin B12 and the ICV domain. TNF-α showed a negative correlation with the ICV domain. Our study identified FKN, NGF-ß, and vitamin B12 as potential biomarkers specific to ID, which could aid in the diagnosis and treatment of ID. TNF-α and oxidative stress biomarkers suggest that ID has a complex etiology, and further research is needed to better understand this condition and develop effective treatments. Future studies could explore the potential implications of these biomarkers and develop targeted interventions based on their findings.

Perfil do absenteísmo dos servidores públicos de um município do Extremo Sul Catarinense

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o perfil do absenteísmo dos servidores públicos de um município do extremo sul catarinense. A pesquisa é de natureza observacional e transversal, utilizando-se de dados fornecidos pela prefeitura municipal estudada. Foram analisados 578 servidores públicos municipais que afastaram-se entre 2015 e 2020. Dentre os servidores em afastamento, aponta-se que 77,3% eram do sexo feminino, 31,5% tinham entre os 29 aos 38 anos de idade, 53,3% eram servidores estatutários, e 65,1% ocorreram nos primeiros 5 anos de trabalho. Os Auxiliares de Ensino de Educação, foram os profissionais que mais se afastaram, e entre as secretarias, foi a Secretaria de Educação. Como principais causas de afastamento foram identificadas as doenças causadas por transtornos mentais e comportamentais, doenças do sistema osteomuscular, doenças do sistema respiratório e fatores que influenciam o estado de saúde e o contato com os serviços de saúde. Conclui-se que as causas de afastamentos são preocupantes, e provocam alterações nos processos de trabalho. Dessa forma, é importante compreender essa dinâmica, contribui para planejar medidas para reduzir os índices de absenteísmo no município.

Whey protein and vitamin D supplementation in institutionalized older adults: A randomized trial.

Background: The increase in life expectancy and in the number of individuals over 60 years old brings new demands to health professionals and services based on the physiological changes that occur in this population. The aging process results in changes in body composition, increasing body fat and reducing muscle mass, in addition to a reduction in bone mass. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of whey protein and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and skeletal muscle in older adults living in long-term care facilities. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Thirty older adults (>60 years old) were randomized and allocated in three groups: group receiving resistance training and supplementation receiving resistance training, whey protein and vitamin D; group received resistance and placebo training receiving resistance training and placebo, and control group without any intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Results: The mean age was 74.87 (± 8.14) years. A significant difference (p = 0.042) was observed between the group receiving resistance training and supplementation and control groups in relation to lean mass increase (kg) at 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of intervention, there was a significant increase in Relative index of muscle mass for the two groups that underwent resistance training, group received resistance and placebo training (p = 0.042) and group receiving resistance training and supplementation (p = 0.045), in relation to the control. Conclusion: Combined supplementation of whey protein and vitamin D with resistance training can significantly improve lean mass, total mass, and relative index of muscle mass in institutionalized older adults.

Centrais de Regulação e Consórcios Intermunicipais de Saúde: a Percepção de Gestores Catarinenses

Objetivo: Analisar a percepção dos gestores dos consórcios intermunicipais de saúde e das comissões intergestores regionais do sul de Santa Catarina sobre a incorporação das centrais de regulação nos procedimentos eletivos de média e alta complexidade, inseridos nos consórcios intermunicipais de saúde do estado. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo como abordagem mista, realizado com representantes legais de consórcios intermunicipais de saúde e gestores municipais representantes da Comissão Intergestores Regional do sul de Santa Catarina, totalizando 6 participantes. A coleta de dados se deu através de entrevista semiestruturada. A análise ocorreu por método de condensação de significados com auxílio do programa SPSS versão 23.0. Resultados: Foi possível obter a percepção dos representantes legais e gestores acerca dos mecanismos de regulação, legislação vigente, sua eficácia e seu conhecimento prévio a respeito dos mesmos. Além disso, conseguiu-se traçar as características do perfil profissional dos respectivos indivíduos. Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos apontam uma percepção positiva dos gestores acercada regulação e o auxílio que a mesma trouxe aos municípios em relação à continuidade na linha de cuidado e a garantia do acesso aos pacientes com critérios clínicos mais graves. Evidenciou-se também a necessidade de melhorias na eficiência e fiscalização das legislações vigentes, além da necessidade dos gestores receberem capacitações acerca de características pontuais dos mecanismos legais.

Entre o sofrimento e a saúde: considerações sobre o trabalho do Agente Comunitário de Saúde / Between suffering and health: considerations about the Community Health Agent's work

No Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) estão em constante contato com o território em que atuam, pela sua função e papel de morador, resultando em consequências ambíguas no estabelecimento de suas ações. Assim, o presente estudo busca compreender o papel dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, sua relação com o território, unidade e profissionais, e os processos de saúde e adoecimento no desempenho da função. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo no formato de pesquisa participante, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 6 ACS, que também foram acompanhados em suas atividades diárias. A análise de conteúdo dos dados obtidos por diário de campo e entrevista possibilitou a identificação de 3 categorias: Papel dos ACS; Relação com a Equipe, e Saúde e Sofrimento dos ACS. O sofrimento dos ACS decorre da vigilância sobre seu trabalho, dificuldades no relacionamento interpessoal com a equipe, adversidades no território e sobrecarga de trabalho. Identifica-se que são profissionais muitas vezes subestimados e incompreendidos

In the Unified Health System, Community Health Agents (CHA) are in constant contact with the territory in which they operate, due to their role and role as residents, resulting in ambiguous consequences in the establishment of their actions. Thus, the present study seeks to understand the role of Community Health Agents, their relationship with the territory, unit and professionals, and the processes of health and illness in the performance of the function. This is a qualitative study in the form of participatory research, through a semi-structured interview with 6 CHA, who were also monitored in their daily activities. The content analysis of the data obtained by field diary and interview enabled the identification of 3 categories: Role of the CHA; Relationship with the Team, and Health and Suffering from the CHA. The CHA's suffering stems from surveillance over their work, difficulties in interpersonal relationships with the team, adversities in the territory and work overload. It is identified that they are professionals often underestimated and misunderstood.

LEVELS OF SALIVARY CORTISOL IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN WITH BRUXISM DIAGNOSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the levels of salivary cortisol in adults and children diagnosed with bruxism. METHODS: A search strategy was developed using the following terms: "cortisol", "bruxism" and "sleep bruxism". These were searched in databases: Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, LILACS and gray literature, for studies published until May 2020. RESULTS: We obtained a total of six primary studies, involving 854 participants, who met the criteria and were included in the present study. The analysis cortisol levels shows a significant difference favourable to the control group 1.10 (95% CI: 0.68-1.53), showing that patients with bruxism have higher values of salivary cortisol. Heterogeneity of I²â€¯= 4% (P = .31). CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that despite the different methodologies adopted for the collection and analysis of salivary content, this review found significant results of higher levels of salivary cortisol in adult patients with bruxism.

Percepção dos usuários sobre a atenção primária em saúde: estudo transversal em um município de grande porte / Users' perception about primary health care: a cross-sectional study in a large municipality

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o nível de satisfação dos usuários da Atenção Primária em Saúde de um município de grande porte. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, do tipo censitário e com amostra por conveniência, visto que foram incluídas todas as unidades de saúde e entrevistados os usuários que estavam na sala de espera no dia da coleta e aceitaram participar da pesquisa. Toda a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionários, e,posteriormente,tabulada e analisada no software Stata 14.0. Os usuários relataram satisfação com a unidade e equipe, e com serviços assistenciais. Entretanto, usuários que manifestaram que trocariam de unidade caso isto fosse possível, tinham razões atribuídas à organização do cuidado e agendamento de consultas. Concluímos que a satisfação com os cuidados exercidos pelos profissionais e com o acolhimento de informações de cunho afetivo foram evidentemente altas, ao passo que a insatisfação com a organização do cuidado é aparente.

This study aimed to assess the level of satisfaction of users of PrimaryHealth Care in a large city. This is a cross-sectional, census-type study with a convenience sample, as all health units were included and users who were in the waiting room on the day of collection and who agreed to participate in the survey were interviewed. All data collection was performed through questionnaires, and later tabulated and analyzed using the Stata 14.0 software. Users reported satisfaction with the unit and team, and with care services. However, users who stated that they would change units if this was possible had reasons attributed to the organization of care and appointment scheduling. We conclude that satisfaction with the care provided by professionals and with the reception of information of an affective nature were evidently high, while dissatisfaction with the organization of care is apparent.

Perception of body self-image in adolescents with psychiatric disorders: Systematic Review / Percepção da autoimagem corporal em adolescentes com transtornos psiquiátricos: Revisão Sistemática

Objective: To map the evidence on the presence of dissatisfaction with body perception among adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Databases: systematic review using the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, IBECS, LILACS and gray literature (Google Scholar) using the following keywords: "Mental Disorders", "BodyImage", "BodyDysmorphicDisorders" , and "Adolescent" and its synonyms consulted in Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH). Data synthesis: Ten studies published between 1995 and 2015 were included in this review, including the countries: Spain, Portugal, Italy, Canada, United States and Germany. All studies had a cross-sectional design and the psychiatric disorders evaluated were Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Depressive Disorder and Eating Disorders. The ten studies included in this review show significant results for the presence of Image Disorder, greater body dissatisfaction and changes in the perception of body self-image associated with the presence of psychiatric disorders in adolescents. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that adolescents with psychiatric disorders have a higher frequency of Image Disorder, body dissatisfaction and changes in the perception of body self-image

Objetivo: Mapear as evidências sobre a presença de insatisfação com a percepção corporal entre adolescentes com transtornos psiquiátricos. Bases de dados: revisão sistemática utilizando as bases de dados MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, IBECS, LILACS e literatura cinza (Google Acadêmico) utilizando as seguintes palavras chaves: "Mental Disorders", "BodyImage", "BodyDysmorphicDisorders", e "Adolescent" e seus sinônimos consultadas no Medical SubjectHeadings (MeSH). Síntese de dados: Foram incluídos nesta revisão dez estudos publicados entre os anos de 1995 a 2015, incluindo os países: Espanha, Portugal, Itália, Canadá, Estados Unidos e Alemanha. Todos os estudos tiveram delineamento do tipo transversal e os transtornos psiquiátricos avaliados foram Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade, Transtorno Depressivo e Transtornos Alimentares. Os dez estudos incluídos nesta revisão apresentam resultados significativos para presença de Distúrbio de Imagem, maior insatisfação corporal e alterações na percepção da autoimagem corporal associados à presença de transtornos psiquiátricos em adolescentes. Conclusão: Os resultados deste trabalho indicam que adolescentes com transtornos psiquiátricos apresentam maior frequência de Distúrbio de Imagem, insatisfação corporal e alterações na percepção da autoimagem corporal.

Perfil de governança colaborativa na atenção ambulatorial especializada: uma experiência em duas regiões de saúde / Profile of collaborative governance in specialized ambulatorial attention: an experience in two health regions

Objetivos: Objetivou-se caracterizar o perfil da governança na Atenção Ambulatorial Especializada na região Sul de Santa Catarina (SC), a partir da percepção dos gestores em relação as especificidades da governança colaborativa. Métodos: A pesquisa baseou-se no modelo analítico, desenvolvido por Milagres et al. (2016). A população é formada por 23 gestores das Comissões de Intergestores Regionais (CIRs). Pesquisa de cunho qualitativo - quantitativo, aplicada, descritiva do tipo levantamento. O questionário foi o instrumento de coleta de dados e o período de aplicação foi entre julho a setembro de 2018. Foi aplicado nas reuniões das CIRs, após serem devidamente autorizadas e aprovadas. Para análises estatísticas, os dados foram organizados, codificados, tabulados no software estatístico IBM SPSS, versão 20.0®, utilizando- se de estatística descritiva. Resultados: Constatou-se que, o princípio da confiança é reconhecido por 68% dos gestores, assim como os elementos: Antecedentes em torno de 70%; Governança Contratual, 35,5%; Governança Processual em média 70% e Governança Relacional aproximadamente 64%. No entanto, observou-se que os gestores não têm clareza em identifica-los com tamanha importância. Conclusões: A adoção da gestão colaborativa está em apropriar ­ se de conhecimento, fornecendo subsídios para que seja possível o enfrentamento dos entraves, possibilitando tornar a Atenção Ambulatorial Especializada efetiva, e gerar resultados atendo as demandas da população.

Introduction: To characterize the governance profile in the Specialized Outpatient Care in the southern region of Santa Catarina (SC), based on the perception of managers in relation to the specificities of collaborative governance. Methods: The research was based on the analytical model developed by Milagres et al. (2016). The population is formed by 23 managers of the Comissões de Intergestores Regionais (CIRs). Qualitative - quantitative research, applied, descriptive of the survey type. The questionnaire was the main instrument of data collection and the period of application was between July and September 2018. It was applied in the meetings of the CIRs. For statistical analysis, the data were organized, coded, tabulated in the statistical software IBM SPSS, version 20.0®, using descriptive statistics. Results: It was found that, the trust principle is recognized by 68% of the managers, as well as the elements: Antecedents around 70%; Contractual Governance, 35.5%; Process Governance on average 70%; and Relational Governance approximately 64%. However, it was observed that managers are not clear on identifying them with such importance. Conclusion: The adoption of collaborative management is to appropriate knowledge, providing subsidies to face the obstacles, making it possible to make Specialized Outpatient Care effective, and generate results and meeting the demands of the population.

Atenção ambulatorial especializada: perfil dos gestores de saúde nas regiões de saúde do sul de Santa Catarina / Specialized ambulatory care: profile of health managers in the southern health regions of Santa Catarina

A governança é explicitada no projeto regional de saúde, mediante a inter-relação nas instâncias e dos atores envolvidos. Esse modelo abre espaço para interações entre os municípios e requer um sistema de governança colaborativa. Esta pesquisa objetiva conhecer o perfil dos gestores e a percepção destes quanto à governança na Atenção Ambulatorial Especializada (AAE) nas regiões de saúde, Extremo Sul Catarinense e Carbonífera do estado de Santa Catarina, haja vista, que AAE é considerada um nó crítico no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). É um estudo transversal, exploratório e descritivo, de natureza quantitativa. Participaram deste, 23 gestores de saúde, por meio das respostas ao questionário elaborado pelos autores. Os dados coletados foram organizados e analisados com auxílio do software estatístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS), versão 20.0® e, apresentados de forma descritiva. Apurou-se, que estes colegiados são constituídos por gestores, na maioria, de adultos jovens, do sexo feminino e com graduação completa, sendo a maior parte destas, relacionadas à área da saúde. Destaca-se, que 39,1% dos gestores apontaram a inexistência de governança nas instâncias da federação, portanto, conhecer o perfil dos gestores, assim como, a caracterização do diagnóstico da AAE, contribui para incrementar a visão e a atuação dos gestores no enfrentamento dos entraves na AAE, nestes colegiados.

Governance is made explicit in the regional health Project, through the interrelation in the instances and the actors involved. This model opens space for interactions between municipalities, and requires a, collaborative governance system. The objective was to get to know the profile of managers and their perception regarding governance in Specialized Outpatient Care (SEA), in health regions of Extreme South Catarinense and Carboniferous, Santa Catarina, given that SEA is considered a critical node in the Unified Health System Health (SUS). Cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach. 23 health managers participated through a questionnaire. The collected data were organized and analyzed using the statistical software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS), version 20.0®, and presented in a descriptive way. It was found that these collegiate bodies are composed of managers, mostly young-adult, female and with complete graduation, most of them related to the health area. It is noteworthy that 39.1% of managers pointed out the lack of governance in the instances of the federation. Therefore, knowing the profile of managers, as well as the characterization of the diagnosis of SEA, is believed to be significant to the vision and performance of managers in facing the barriers in SEA in these collegiate.

Serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência do Rio Grande do Sul / Emergency mobile care service of rio grande do sul

Objetivo: analisar os atendimentos realizados na Central de Regulação de Urgência/SAMU do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul no período de 2016 e 2017. Metodologia: estudo observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo com abordagem quantitativa. Foram coletados os dados sobre perfil do usuário, dia da semana, classificação de risco, tipo do agravo, tempo médio de atendimento às solicitações, quantitativo de desistência da solicitação e número de chamados não regulados por falta de equipes ou veículos. Resultados: o número de solicitações por motivos clínicos foi 53.8%, destes 51,6% foram média gravidade. A prevalência foi do sexo masculino e idade entre 18 e 29 anos. Em 84,7% dos chamados solicitou-se suporte básico. O tempo resposta total foi entre 30 minutos e 1 hora, maior que o recomendado de acordo com a média nacional, seja nas as zonas urbanas ou rurais. Conclusão: este serviço necessita reduzir o tempo resposta de atendimento das solicitações. (AU)

Objective: to analyze the attendances performed at the Emergency Regulation Center / SAMU of the State of Rio Grande do Sul in 2016 and 2017, focusing in response time. Methodology: observational, descriptive and retrospective study with quantitative approach. Data were collected on user profile, day of the week, risk classification, type of grievance, average time to respond to requests, amount of withdrawal and number of calls not regulated due to lack of teams or vehicles. Results: The number of requests for clinical reasons was 53.8%, of these 51.6% were medium severity. The prevalence was male and aged between 18 and 29 years. In 84.7% of the calls, basic support was requested. The total response time was between 30 minutes and 1 hour, longer than recommended according to the national average, whether in urban or rural areas. Conclusion: After analyzing the calls, it is clear that the worst problem with the calls is the response time, and it is necessary to decrease the same of the requests. (AU)

Objetivo: analizar las asistencias realizadas en el Centro de Regulación de Emergencias / SAMU del Estado de Rio Grande do Sul en 2016 y 2017, centrándose en el tiempo de respuesta. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo con enfoque cuantitativo. Se recopilaron datos sobre el perfil del usuario, el día de la semana, la clasificación de riesgos, el tipo de queja, el tiempo promedio para responder a las solicitudes, la cantidad de retiros y la cantidad de llamadas no reguladas debido a la falta de equipos o vehículos. Resultados: El número de solicitudes por razones clínicas fue del 53.8%, de estas 51.6% fueron de gravedad media. La prevalencia fue masculina y de edades comprendidas entre 18 y 29 años. En el 84.7% de las llamadas, se solicitó soporte básico. El tiempo de respuesta total fue de entre 30 minutos y 1 hora, más de lo recomendado según el promedio nacional, ya sea en áreas urbanas o rurales. Conclusión: Después de analizar las llamadas, está claro que el peor problema con las llamadas es el tiempo de respuesta, y es necesario disminuir las mismas solicitudes. (AU)

Laser fluorescence of caries detection in permanent teeth in vitro: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The detection of dental caries in the early stages, particularly on the occlusal surfaces, has become a mainstay of contemporary clinical practice. The objective of the study was to verify the accuracy of laser fluorescence for caries detection. METHODS: A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, IBECS, BIOSIS, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Congress Abstracts, and Grey literature databases was undertaken from 1980 through January 2016. We included cross-sectional studies that evaluated laser fluorescence in caries diagnoses in vitro and compared them with histological analyses. RESULTS: A total of 39 articles were included in the meta-analysis, which included 2082 caries sites. The pooled sensitivity was 0.71 (0.69, 0.73), and the specificity was 0.81 (0.73, 0.82). The diagnostic odds ratio was 14.93 (11.2, 19.9). A summary receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed. The area under the curve was 0.865. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed that laser fluorescence in vitro had the ability to diagnose occlusal caries lesions in permanent teeth and enamel and dentin caries.

Knowledge, attitudes and adherence to treatment in individuals with hypertension and diabetes mellitus / Conhecimento atitudes e adesão ao tratamento em indivíduos com hipertensão e diabetes

Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD) constitute a major health problem in Brazil and corresponds to about 70% of the causes of death. The most common are systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, which require the patients to be more closely controlled for its treatment and management². This study aimed to analyze the knowledge, attitudes and adherence to the treatment of individuals with arterial hypertension and associated type 2 diabetes mellitus, accompanied by a Family Health team. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and prospective quantitative approach. The population consisted of patients diagnosed with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, enrolled in the HIPERDIA program. Data were collected from August to November of 2014 through the Diabetes Knowledge Scale Questionnaire (DKN-A); Diabetes Attitudes Questionnaire (ATT-19) and Martín-Bayarre-Grade (MBG). 102 individuals were interviewed, the majority of whom were women, married, white, with low schooling, and with a median age of 68.5 years. Everyone was on medication and most of them did not practice any kind of physical activity. An unsatisfactory result was found in relation to the knowledge about the disease, negative attitude regarding the management of the disease, and partial adherence to the treatment. It is thus considered that individuals with hypertension and diabetes mellitus did not modify their attitudes regarding the adoption of healthy life habits for the more adequate coping of the disease.

As Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT) se constituem no maior problema de saúde do Brasil e correspondem a cerca de 70% das causas de morte, sendo as mais comuns delas a hipertensão arterial sistêmica e a diabetes mellitus tipo 2, que exigem dos pacientes acometidos maior controle em relação ao seu tratamento e manejo². Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o conhecimento, as atitudes e a adesão ao tratamento de indivíduos com hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus tipo 2, os quais foram acompanhados por uma equipe do programa Saúde da Família. Trata-se, portanto, de um estudo transversal, descritivo e prospectivo de abordagem quantitativa. O quadro de indivíduos analisados foi constituído por pacientes com diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus tipo 2 cadastrados no programa HIPERDIA. Os dados foram coletados no período de agosto a novembro de 2014, por meio dos questionários Diabetes Knowledge Scale Questionnaire (DKN-A), Attitudes Questionnaire (ATT-19) e MartínBayarre-Grau (MBG). Foram entrevistados 102 indivíduos, sendo a maioria composta por mulheres casadas, brancas, de baixa escolaridade, com idade mediana de 68,5 anos. Ao longo da pesquisa, verificou-se que todos faziam uso de medicamentos e a maioria não praticava nenhum tipo de atividade física. Constatou-se também resultado insatisfatório com relação ao conhecimento sobre a doença, atitude negativa relacionada ao manejo da doença e adesão parcial ao tratamento. Verificou-se, assim, que a maior parte dos indivíduos com hipertensão e diabetes mellitus envolvidos na pesquisa, apesar de cientes de seu quadro, escolheram não modificar suas atitudes ou adotar hábitos de vida mais saudáveis que lhes garantissem o enfrentamento mais adequado da doença.

Incidence of hepatitis C in Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis C is a public health problem of global dimensions, affecting approximately 200 million people worldwide. The main objective of this study was to estimate the incidence rate of hepatitis C in Brazil during the period between 2001 and 2012. METHODS: An epidemiological, temporal, and descriptive study was performed using data from the Information System for Reportable Diseases. RESULTS: Between 2001 and 2012, a total of 151,056 hepatitis C cases were recorded, accounting for 30.3% of all hepatitis notifications in Brazil. The average gross coefficient for the analysis period was 6.7 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The regions with the highest rates were the Southeast region (8.7 new cases/100,000 inhabitants) and the South (13.9 new cases/100,000 inhabitants). There was a predominance of men with respect to the incidence rate (8.0 new cases/100,000 inhabitants) compared to women (5.5 new cases/100,000 inhabitants). Injection drug use was the most common source of infection, and members of the white race, residents of urban areas, and those aged 60 to 64 years had the highest incidences. CONCLUSIONS: Over the last 10 years, the incidence of hepatitis C in Brazil has increased, mainly in the South and Southeast. The adoption of fast, accurate diagnostic methods, together with epidemiological awareness, can facilitate early intervention measures for adequate control of the disease.

Incidence of hepatitis C in Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis C is a public health problem of global dimensions, affecting approximately 200 million people worldwide. The main objective of this study was to estimate the incidence rate of hepatitis C in Brazil during the period between 2001 and 2012. METHODS: An epidemiological, temporal, and descriptive study was performed using data from the Information System for Reportable Diseases. RESULTS: Between 2001 and 2012, a total of 151,056 hepatitis C cases were recorded, accounting for 30.3% of all hepatitis notifications in Brazil. The average gross coefficient for the analysis period was 6.7 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The regions with the highest rates were the Southeast region (8.7 new cases/100,000 inhabitants) and the South (13.9 new cases/100,000 inhabitants). There was a predominance of men with respect to the incidence rate (8.0 new cases/100,000 inhabitants) compared to women (5.5 new cases/100,000 inhabitants). Injection drug use was the most common source of infection, and members of the white race, residents of urban areas, and those aged 60 to 64 years had the highest incidences. CONCLUSIONS: Over the last 10 years, the incidence of hepatitis C in Brazil has increased, mainly in the South and Southeast. The adoption of fast, accurate diagnostic methods, together with epidemiological awareness, can facilitate early intervention measures for adequate control of the disease.

[The quality and characteristics of sleep of hypertensive patients]. / Características e qualidade do sono de pacientes hipertensos.

OBJECTIVE: Analyzing the quality of sleep of hypertensive patients registered in the national registration system and monitoring of hypertensive patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of quantitative and descriptive analyses with 280 hypertensive patients registered in the National Program of Hypertension and Diabetes of the Federal Government in the months from August to October 2011. Questionnaires were used which allowed for tracking sociodemographic data on hypertension and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). RESULTS: The prevalence of poor sleep quality among respondents (156 hypertensive patients) and high rates of using medication for sleeping (106 hypertensive patients) was observed. Other relevant data refers to the quality of sleep among hypertensive patients using sleep medication compared to those who do not use it (p≤0.01). CONCLUSION: Individuals with high blood pressure have a negative association with sleep quality.

Associação entre a qualidade de vida e adesão à medicação de indivíduos hipertensos / Association between quality of life and medication adherence in hypertensive individuals

Objetivo Avaliar a associação entre a qualidade de vida e a adesão a medicação de indivíduos hipertensos.Métodos Estudo transversal, realizado com 432 hipertensos cadastrados em sistema informatizado público federal. Os dados foram coletados no domicilio por entrevista estruturada com questões relacionadas a variáveis socioeconômicas, clínicas, avaliação da adesão ao tratamento e o WHOQOL-BREF para a qualidade de vida. Utilizou-se o teste de H de Kruskal-Wallis para medir a associação entre as escalas da qualidade de vida e a classificação da adesão ao tratamento.Resultados Os escores mais baixos estavam presente no domínio autoavaliação e os mais altos foram encontrados no social. Os indivíduos que possuíam adesão extrema ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo apresentaram escores mais altos na avaliação da qualidade de vida em comparação com indivíduos classificados como não adesão extrema ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo.Conclusão A associação entre a qualidade de vida e adesão a medicação em indivíduos hipertensos não foi preditiva, sendo que os melhores escores estavam presentes nos indivíduos hipertensos que apresentaram alta adesão a medicação e os piores escores da qualidade de vida se apresentaram nos indivíduos de não adesão extrema e limítrofe a não adesão total.

Objective To evaluate the association between quality of life and medication adherence in hypertensive individuals.Methods Cross-sectional study carried out with 432 hypertensive subjects registered in a federal public computerized system. Data were collected in the households through a structured interview with questions related to socioeconomic and clinical variables, as well as assessment of treatment adherence, and the WHOQOL-BREF for quality of life. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to measure the association between the scales of quality of life and the classification of treatment adherence.Results The lowest scores were present in the self-assessment domain and the highest were found in the social domain. Individuals with extreme adherence to antihypertensive treatment showed higher scores in assessment of quality of life compared to individuals classified as extreme non-adherence to antihypertensive treatment.Conclusion The association between quality of life and medication adherence in hypertensive patients was not predictive. The hypertensive subjects with high medication adherence showed the best scores of quality of life, and the worst scores were presented by individuals classified as extreme non-adherence and as borderline to total non-adherence.

The quality and characteristics of sleep of hypertensive patients / Características y calidad del sueño de pacientes hipertensos / Características e qualidade do sono de pacientes hipertensos

OBJECTIVEAnalyzing the quality of sleep of hypertensive patients registered in the national registration system and monitoring of hypertensive patients.METHODSA cross-sectional study of quantitative and descriptive analyses with 280 hypertensive patients registered in the National Program of Hypertension and Diabetes of the Federal Government in the months from August to October 2011. Questionnaires were used which allowed for tracking sociodemographic data on hypertension and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).RESULTSThe prevalence of poor sleep quality among respondents (156 hypertensive patients) and high rates of using medication for sleeping (106 hypertensive patients) was observed. Other relevant data refers to the quality of sleep among hypertensive patients using sleep medication compared to those who do not use it (p≤0.01).CONCLUSIONIndividuals with high blood pressure have a negative association with sleep quality.

OBJETIVOAnalizar la calidad del sueño de hipertensos registrados en el sistema nacional de registro y seguimiento de hipertensos.MÉTODOEstudio transversal, cuantitativo y descriptivo, llevado a cabo con 280 usuarios hipertensos registrados en el Programa Nacional de Hipertensión y Diabetes del Gobierno Federal en los meses de agosto a octubre de 2011. Fueron aplicados cuestionarios que permitieron trazar el perfil sociodemográfico, datos acerca de la hipertensión arterial sistémica e Índice de Calidad de Sueño de Pittsburgh.RESULTADOSSe verificó el predominio de la mala calidad de sueño entre os entrevistados (156 hipertensos) y altas tasas de uso de fármacos para dormir (106 hipertensos). Otro dato relevante se refiere a la calidad de sueño entre hipertensos que utilizan fármacos para dormir comparados a los que no utilizan (p≤0,01).CONCLUSIÓNIndividuos con hipertensión arterial sistémica presentan asociación negativa con la calidad del sueño.

ObjetivoAnalisar a qualidade do sono de hipertensos registrados no sistema nacional de cadastramento e acompanhamento de hipertensos.MétodoEstudo transversal, quantitativo e descritivo realizado com 280 usuários hipertensos cadastrados no Programa Nacional de Hipertensão e Diabetes do Governo Federal nos meses de agosto a outubro de 2011. Foram aplicados questionários que permitiram traçar o perfil sociodemográfico, dados sobre hipertensão arterial sistêmica e Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh.ResultadosVerificou-se predomínio da qualidade de sono ruim entre os entrevistados (156 hipertensos) e altas taxas de uso de medicações para dormir (106 hipertensos). Outro dado relevante refere-se à qualidade de sono entre hipertensos que utilizam medicação para dormir comparados àqueles que não utilizam (p≤0,01).ConclusãoIndivíduos com hipertensão arterial sistêmica apresentam associação negativa com a qualidade do sono.

Sobrecarga no cuidado, estresse e impacto na qualidade de vida de cuidadores domiciliares assistidos na atenção básica / Overload in care, stress and impact on the quality of life of surveyed caregivers assisted in primary care

ResumoTrata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, com população configurada como censitária. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Inventário dos Sintomas de Estresse para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL), a Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF), a Versão Brasileira do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida SF-36 e o Questionário de Avaliação da Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal (QASCI). Possui o objetivo de avaliar a sobrecarga, a qualidade de vida e a presença de estresse em cuidadores das Estratégias de Saúde da Família (ESFs) de Criciúma, no Estado de Santa Catarina. A maior proporção dos cuidadores foram do gênero feminino (90,9%), com idade média de 51,7 (±11,0) Em relação ao grau de parentesco, 45,5% eram filhos(as), e a MIF Global dos sujeitos ao qual era dedicado o cuidado foi de 70,2 (±40,1). Entre os cuidadores, 81,8% apresentaram presença de estresse e evidenciaram sobrecarga elevada. Foi observada uma correlação positiva moderada (rs=0,571) entre a MIF Global e Dor (SF-36), considerada estatisticamente significativa (p=0,001). Voltar à atenção aos cuidadores, entendendo as barreiras físicas, sociais e emocionais envolvidas no ato de cuidar, torna-se imprescindível no âmbito da saúde coletiva, tanto para proporcionar maior qualidade de vida e menor sobrecarga nos cuidadores quanto a quem é cuidado.

This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with quantitative approach and population census configured. The instruments used for the implementation of this research were the Inventory of Symptoms of Stress for adults of Lipp, the Functional Independence Measure, the Brazilian version of the quality of life questionnaire SF-36, and the Questionnaire for Assessing the Informal Caregiver Overload. Most caregivers were female (90.9%) with an average age of 51.7 (± 11.0) years; in relation to the degree of relatedness, 45.5% were the subjects’ children, and the Overall Functional Independence Measure of the subjects to whom the care was dedicated was 70.2 (± 40.1). Most caregivers showed stress (81.8%) and reported high overload. A moderate positive correlation (rs = 0.571) between the Functional Independence Measure and Pain (SF-36) was also observed, which was considered to be statistically significant (p = 0.001). To direct the attention to caregivers and understand the physical, social and emotional barriers involved in the action of caring, becomes indispensable in the context of public health not only to provide greater quality of life and lower overload on caregivers, but also on who is being cared.

Neurotrophins, cytokines, oxidative parameters and funcionality in Progressive Muscular Dystrophies.

We investigated the levels of brain derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cytokines and oxidative parameters in serum and tried to correlate them with the age and functionality of patients with Progressive Muscle Dystrophies (PMD). The patients were separated into six groups (case and controls pared by age and gender), as follows: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD); Steinert Myotonic Dystrophy (SMD); and Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy type-2A (LGMD2A). DMD patients (± 17.9 years old) had a decrease of functionality, an increase in the IL-1ß and TNF-α levels and a decrease of IL-10 levels and superoxide dismutase activity in serum. SMD patients (± 25.8 years old) had a decrease of BDNF and IL-10 levels and superoxide dismutase activity and an increase of IL-1ß levels in serum. LGMD2A patients (± 27.7 years old) had an decrease only in serum levels of IL-10. This research showed the first evidence of BDNF involvement in the SMD patients and a possible unbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, along with decreased superoxide dismutase activity in serum of DMD and SMD patients.